Superlinear scaling in a microcosm
Bear with me on this. I have a point, it just takes a second to explain it.
About a half dozen years ago, I had the honor to work periodically with Geoffrey West, then President of the Santa Fe Institute, an oasis of interdisciplinary complexity thinkers in New Mexico. At a workshop we co-sponsored in Silicon Valley, he announced preliminary results of research he and his team had done based on early-1900s Swiss researcher Max Kleiber’s work on negative quarter-power scaling in metabolic rates of different species. Kleiber’s scaling theory can essentially be broken down as ‘the smaller a species, the higher its metabolism, and the shorter its lifespan’. If you map the metabolic rates of a hummingbird and an elephant, you’ll draw a nearly straight line between them re: lifespan. You can plot other species metabolic rates (humans, cats, dogs, etc.) and it amazingly sticks to the same line.
What made Geoff’s research so interesting was that they studied these same implications in the dynamics in populations of humans. Studying small cities all the way to large urban centers, they found the same scaling effects present in externally obvious artifacts of civilization such as gasoline sales, length of electrical cables, etc..
What they also uncovered, and the reason for the paragraph-and-a-half of runway on this, is that creativity and innovation did not adhere to this line the larger a population grew, but actually grew much much faster. To quote a passage on this in Stephen Johnson’s excellent book ‘Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation‘: “A city that was ten times larger than its neighbor wasn’t ten times more innovative; it was seventeen times more innovative. A metropolis fifty times bigger than a town was 130 times more innovative.” This they called ‘superlinear scaling’.
When you are proximate to a larger number of people, the interchange of ideas grows larger as the ideas are refined and tumbled from mind to mind.
When you live in a state of three million people, like Iowa, this doesn’t happen organically at enough scale except at periodic trade shows, networking events, etc..
So, we need to build spaces for these idea exchanges to occur in person all-the-time, and also create virtual spaces for statewide collaboration. We have excellent pockets of innovation around the state that operate more or less autonomously. To channel Phillip of Macedon, we need to create a Hellenic league of these City-States, or more recently, Benjamin Franklin and his “We must all hang together, or else we will all hang separately.” Alone, none of these city-states have the population density to trigger the superlinear scaling benefits, however by operating as a single state of three million people, we can.
It’s going to take some work to make this happen, and to break down some of the legacy barriers to collaboration and communication. The Iowa Startup Alliance is only the first step on the path to this collaboration.
We have a number of ideas here on what else can be done, like “StartupIowa”, but what else do you think we need to do Statewide to trigger this exponential exchange of ideas?






